1ã€è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”è¯æ³•概è¦
è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”是一ç§è¡¨è¾¾å‡è®¾ã€æ„¿æœ›ã€å»ºè®®ã€å‘½ä»¤ç‰éžçœŸå®žçŠ¶å†µçš„è¯æ³•å½¢å¼ã€‚它在英è¯ä¸æœ‰å¤šç§å½¢å¼å’Œä½¿ç”¨æ–¹æ³•ï¼Œä¸‹é¢æˆ‘ä¼šå¯¹è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”çš„è¯æ³•概è¦è¿›è¡Œè¯¦ç»†è®²è§£ã€‚
1ã€æ¡ä»¶è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”:
æ¡ä»¶è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”ç”¨äºŽè¡¨ç¤ºä¸ŽçŽ°å®žç›¸åæˆ–ä¸å¤ªå¯èƒ½å‘生的状况。它由"if"引导的æ¡ä»¶ä»Žå¥å’Œä¸»å¥ä¸çš„è™šæ‹ŸåŠ¨è¯æž„æˆã€‚
å‡å¦‚æ¡ä»¶æ˜¯ç›®å‰æˆ–以åŽçš„状况,从å¥ä¸çš„动è¯ç”¨è¿‡åŽ»ç®€å•æ—¶ï¼Œä¸»å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"would/could/should/might" + 动è¯åŽŸå½¢ã€‚
比如:
If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
å‡å¦‚我有更多的钱,我会环游世界。
å‡å¦‚æ¡ä»¶æ˜¯è¿‡åŽ»çš„çŠ¶å†µï¼Œä»Žå¥ä¸çš„动è¯ç”¨è¿‡åŽ»å®Œæˆæ—¶ï¼Œä¸»å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"would/could/should/might" + have + 过去分è¯ã€‚
比如:
If I had studied harder, I could have passed the exam.
å‡å¦‚我å¦å¾—更努力,我本å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡è€ƒè¯•。
2ã€è™šæ‹Ÿæ¡ä»¶å¥çš„çœç•¥ï¼š
在虚拟æ¡ä»¶å¥ä¸ï¼Œå‡å¦‚从å¥å’Œä¸»å¥çš„主è¯ç›¸åŒï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”从å¥ä¸çš„åŠ¨è¯æ˜¯"were",å¯ä»¥çœç•¥"if"引导的从å¥ã€‚
比如:
Were I taller, I could reach the TOP shelf.
如果我个å高ä¸ä¸€å¹´çº§ç‚¹ï¼Œæˆ‘å°±å¯ä»¥å¤Ÿåˆ°é¡¶å±‚的架å了。
3ã€è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的愿望和建议:
è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”也用于表达愿望ã€å»ºè®®ç‰çŠ¶å†µã€‚å®ƒç”±"if only"引导的å¥å或"would rather"引导的å¥åæž„æˆã€‚"
if only"引导的å¥åç”¨äºŽè¡¨è¾¾å¯¹ç›®å‰æˆ–过去状况的强烈愿望。主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"could/would/should/might" + 动è¯åŽŸå½¢ã€‚
比如:
If only I could speak fluent French.
å¦‚æžœæˆ‘èƒ½è¯´ä¸€å£æµåˆ©çš„æ³•è¯å°±å¥½äº†ã€‚
"would rather"引导的å¥åç”¨äºŽè¡¨è¾¾å¯¹ç›®å‰æˆ–以åŽçŠ¶å†µçš„å好或选择。主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"be"动è¯çš„è¿‡åŽ»å¼æˆ–"would"。
比如:
I would rather you be quiet.
æˆ‘æœŸæœ›ä½ å®‰é™ç‚¹ã€‚
4ã€è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的命令和建议:
è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”也用于表达命令ã€å»ºè®®ç‰çŠ¶å†µã€‚å®ƒç”±"should"引导的å¥åæž„æˆã€‚"should"引导的å¥å用于表达命令ã€å»ºè®®æˆ–需è¦ã€‚主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"should"。
比如:
The teacher insisted that we should hand in our assignments on time.
è€å¸ˆåšæŒéœ€è¦å¤§å®¶æŒ‰æ—¶äº¤ä½œä¸šã€‚
ä»¥ä¸Šæ˜¯å¯¹è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”çš„è¯æ³•概è¦ã€‚è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”在英è¯ä¸å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“è§åˆ°ï¼Œé€šè¿‡å¦ä¼šå…¶åŸºæœ¬ä½¿ç”¨æ–¹æ³•,大家å¯ä»¥æ›´å‡†ç¡®åœ°è¡¨è¾¾å‡è®¾ã€æ„¿æœ›ã€å»ºè®®å’Œå‘½ä»¤ç‰éžçœŸå®žçŠ¶å†µã€‚
2ã€è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”题库åŠç”案分æž
题目1:
If I _____ more time, I would learn a new language.
A. had
B. have
C. would have
D. will have
ç”æ¡ˆåˆ†æž:
æ£ç¡®ç”案是A. had。
由于这是一个æ¡ä»¶è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”çš„å¥å,表示与现实相åçš„çŠ¶å†µã€‚ä¾æ®è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的规则,从å¥ä¸çš„动è¯åº”è¯¥ç”¨è¿‡åŽ»ç®€å•æ—¶ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æ£ç¡®ç”案是A. had。
题目2:
I wish I _____ a famous singer.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. will be
ç”æ¡ˆåˆ†æž:
æ£ç¡®ç”案是C. were。
这是一个表达愿望的å¥åï¼Œä¾æ®è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的规则,主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"be"动è¯çš„过去å¼ã€‚所以æ£ç¡®ç”案是C. were。
题目3:
If only she _____ the truth, she wouldn't have been so disappointed.
A. knows
B. knew
C. know
D. will know
ç”æ¡ˆåˆ†æž:
æ£ç¡®ç”案是B. knew。这是一个表达强烈愿望的å¥å,从å¥ä¸çš„动è¯åº”è¯¥ç”¨è¿‡åŽ»ç®€å•æ—¶ã€‚所以æ£ç¡®ç”案是B. knew。
题目4:
I would rather you _____ to the party with us.
A. come
B. came
C. comes
D. will come
ç”æ¡ˆåˆ†æž:
æ£ç¡®ç”案是A. come。这是一个表达å好或选择的å¥åï¼Œä¾æ®è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的规则,主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"be"动è¯çš„è¿‡åŽ»å¼æˆ–"would"。所以æ£ç¡®ç”案是A. come。
题目5:
It is important that he _____ early for the meeting.
A. comes
B. came
C. come
D. will começ”æ¡ˆåˆ†æž:
æ£ç¡®ç”案是C. come。这是一个表达命令或建议的å¥åï¼Œä¾æ®è™šæ‹Ÿè¯æ°”的规则,主å¥ä¸çš„虚拟动è¯ç”¨"should"。所以æ£ç¡®ç”案是C. come。